A lo largo de la vida empresarial siempre nos encontraremos con el dilema de usar un software estándar o a medida en un proyecto tecnológico. Ya que el software apoya a los procesos de la organización y los hace más eficientes, es una decisión sumamente importante para reflexionar.
¿Qué es un software a medida?
El Software se adapta a la perfección a la organización, hasta en las particularidades más especiales o única está presente. En este caso, el software es una fiel automatización de las operaciones de la empresa, aunque suele suceder con frecuencia que estas particularidades normalmente suelen ser variaciones sobre los estándares que no agregan ningún tipo de valor respecto al estándar.
¿Qué es un software estándar?
En esta opción debemos de diferenciar los dos grandes tipos de Software: No Parametrizables y Parametrizables.
En el software estándar No Parametrizable la organización debe de usarlo “tal cual”. En el software estándar parametrizable la organización puede configurar el producto para ser un poco más a su medida, aunque esto depende principalmente del nivel de parametrización que permita el software que ha definido el fabricante.
¿Qué hay que tener en cuenta?
Lo realmente importante es saber y detectar correctamente las necesidades en las organizaciones. Poder definir con precisión qué es lo que se necesita relacionado a la gestión de los procesos y de la información en el corto, medio y largo plazo, es el mejor consejo que se puede ofrecer.
¿Qué recomendaciones podemos hacer?
Comparar el coste de un desarrollo de software a medida frente al coste de adaptar su organización a un software estándar.
En ambos casos este tipo de tecnología automatiza sistemas de información y procesos administrativos estándares ya definidos por el fabricante.
Si bien existe una gran cantidad de variantes entre estos dos extremos, la realidad es que no hay una regla que nos permita identificar la mejor opción para todas las organizaciones.
Podemos plantear unos criterios básicos a tener en cuenta a la hora de la decisión:
– Siempre que sea posible, optar por un estándar parametrizable.
– Analizar el coste de adaptar el software a su organización y el coste de adaptar su organización al software
– Analizar qué hacen las empresas del sector o las tendencias de mercado.
Al final cada PyME tiene sus criterios y planteamientos, lo que pretendemos con este artículo es hacer ver que la decisión entre un software estándar y un software a medida, es una decisión crucial y que no es sencilla. Hay que tener bien detectadas las necesidades, aconsejarse por buenos expertos, ver demostraciones de los productos, consultar con PyMEs similares y decidir siempre en función de los parámetros: tiempo, coste y utilidad.
Manuel Ballester
Socio Director Área de Consultoría, Auren
Vicepresidente Academia Mexicana Ciencia Sistemas
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