En la era digital, el acceso a internet en el ámbito laboral se ha convertido en un motor clave para el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo profesional. Un reciente estudio realizado por investigadores de la Universidad de las Américas de Quito y la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) confirma que el uso de esta tecnología en el trabajo impacta de manera positiva en los ingresos salariales en Ecuador. Sin embargo, los beneficios no se distribuyen de manera equitativa en todos los niveles de ingreso.
El impacto de internet en los ingresos laborales
El estudio, que analizó el periodo comprendido entre 2010 y 2017 en Ecuador, encontró que el acceso a internet en el trabajo se traduce en un aumento de los ingresos, especialmente para los trabajadores ubicados en los cuantiles superiores de la distribución salarial. Utilizando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo (ENEMDU), los investigadores examinaron la relación entre capacidades digitales y desigualdad de ingresos, así como el crecimiento en la accesibilidad a los servicios de internet a lo largo del tiempo.
“El acceso a internet es un recurso valioso para la reducción de la desigualdad, pero su impacto varía según el nivel de ingresos de los trabajadores”, explica Susana Herrero Olarte, investigadora de la Universidad de las Américas y de la UOC, y miembro del grupo de investigación interdisciplinaria sobre TIC, i2TIC. “Si bien los trabajadores en los niveles más bajos se benefician del acceso a herramientas digitales, los mayores incrementos salariales se observan en los trabajadores mejor remunerados”, agrega.
Hallazgos clave
Los resultados del estudio muestran que en 2017 los trabajadores del cuantil más bajo que usaban internet en el trabajo aumentaron sus ingresos en un 36,3 %, mientras que los del cuantil más alto experimentaron un incremento del 58,4 %. Esto evidencia que la tecnología es un factor determinante en la evolución salarial, pero también pone en relieve la necesidad de garantizar que todos los sectores de la población puedan aprovechar sus beneficios de manera equitativa.
Joan Torrent Sellens, investigador líder de i2TIC y catedrático de los Estudios de Economía y Empresa de la UOC, señala que “aunque la brecha salarial entre quienes tienen y quienes no tienen acceso a internet es evidente, la solución no es solo aumentar la conectividad, sino también mejorar las capacidades digitales de los trabajadores, especialmente de aquellos que cuentan con menos recursos”.
Hacia una política digital inclusiva
Los hallazgos del estudio refuerzan la necesidad de diseñar políticas públicas que no solo garanticen el acceso a internet, sino que también impulsen programas educativos enfocados en el desarrollo de habilidades digitales. “No se trata solo de proporcionar conexión a internet, sino de enseñar a utilizarlo como una herramienta de crecimiento profesional y económico”, concluye Torrent.
En un mundo cada vez más digitalizado, garantizar el acceso equitativo a las oportunidades que ofrece internet es clave para reducir las brechas salariales y promover una sociedad más justa e inclusiva.
El momento de actuar es ahora: la IA llegó para quedarse
Ambos expertos coinciden en que la región no puede permitirse el lujo de postergar la adopción de la inteligencia artificial (IA). De no actuar con rapidez, América Latina corre el riesgo de quedar rezagada en la transformación digital global y de perder oportunidades clave para el crecimiento económico y social.
La IA no es solo una herramienta para las grandes corporaciones: también puede ser un factor de cambio para los emprendedores, las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) y los trabajadores de la economía informal. Estos sectores tienen un gran potencial para aprovechar la tecnología y transformar sus modelos de negocio.
Para que la IA sea un verdadero motor de desarrollo, es crucial que los gobiernos, las empresas y la sociedad civil trabajen de manera conjunta en su implementación. La clave está en la educación, la inversión en tecnología propia y la creación de un ecosistema digital inclusivo que impulse la innovación y la sostenibilidad en la región.
El acceso a internet y la transformación digital son piezas fundamentales para cerrar las brechas de desigualdad y potenciar el crecimiento económico en Ecuador y en toda América Latina. La tecnología ya está aquí: el reto es garantizar que sus beneficios lleguen a todos.
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